Mishkat: Journal of Theology and Civilization
Mishkat: Journal of Theology and Civilization (e-ISSN: 3163-9100) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by PT Bina Perfidia Akademia. The journal publishes high-quality scholarly works on Islamic theology, Islamic thought, religious studies, philosophy, ethics, and civilization within the broader fields of Islamic studies, humanities, and the social sciences. It provides an academic platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners to critically examine the relationships between religion, society, culture, ethics, and civilization from both historical and contemporary perspectives. The journal welcomes original research articles, conceptual papers, and critical review articles that contribute to the advancement of theology and civilization studies. Mishkat particularly encourages interdisciplinary scholarship that integrates perspectives from Islamic studies, humanities, and the social sciences, while emphasizing theoretical relevance, methodological rigor, and critical engagement with contemporary academic discourse. Journal Mishkat is indexed by:
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Mindful parenting in Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr: Reconstructing contemporary Islamic parenting through Qur'anic exegesis
Social changes characterized by digitalization, individualization, and shifting values demand adaptive parenting approaches; however, mindful parenting studies remain predominantly grounded in psychology and have not been reconstructed through Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. This study aims to reconstruct the concept of mindful parenting from the perspective of Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr and examine its relevance in addressing contemporary parenting challenges. A qualitative approach employing the thematic (mawḍū‘ī) interpretation method was applied to Q.S. al-Nisāʾ [4]:9, Q.S. al-Taḥrīm [66]:6, and Q.S. Luqmān [31]:13, 16, and 17 based on the exegesis of Muhammad al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur. The findings identify five core principles: future-oriented awareness, parental responsibility, spiritual foundation, self-regulation, and character formation. These principles formulate a Contemporary Islamic Parenting model that integrates Qur’anic values with mindful parenting theory, thereby extending Islamic parenting scholarship through a Qur’anic exegetical approach relevant to contemporary social dynamics. Abstrak Perubahan sosial yang ditandai oleh digitalisasi, individualisasi, dan pergeseran nilai menuntut pendekatan pengasuhan yang adaptif, tetapi kajian mindful parenting masih didominasi perspektif psikologi dan belum direkonstruksi melalui Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi konsep mindful parenting dalam perspektif Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr serta menganalisis relevansinya dalam menjawab tantangan pengasuhan kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode tafsir tematik (tafsīr mawḍū‘ī) terhadap Q.S. al-Nisāʾ [4]:9, Q.S. al-Taḥrīm [66]:6, serta Q.S. Luqmān [31]:13, 16, dan 17 melalui penafsiran Muhammad al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima prinsip utama, yaitu future-oriented awareness, parental responsibility, spiritual foundation, self-regulation, dan character formation. Kelima prinsip tersebut membentuk model Contemporary Islamic Parenting yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Qur’ani dengan teori mindful parenting, sehingga memperluas kajian pengasuhan Islam melalui pendekatan tafsir yang relevan dengan dinamika masyarakat kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Avina Amalia Mustaghfiroh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Religion–state relations in the perspective of Islamic political theology: Implications for democracy and Indonesian civilization
Studies on religion–state relations in Islamic political theology remain dominated by normative debates, while research connecting theological foundations with their implications for democracy and the development of Indonesian civilization is still limited. This study aims to reconstruct religion–state relations from the perspective of Islamic political theology and examine their implications for democracy and the development of Indonesian civilization. A qualitative approach employing library research was adopted through descriptive-analytical analysis and conceptual synthesis of relevant scholarly literature. The findings demonstrate that Islamic political theology is grounded in tawḥīd, amānah, shūrā, al-'adl, maṣlaḥah, and ukhuwwah, which are reconstructed into a conceptual framework of religion–state relations. These values strengthen accountability, participation, the rule of law, the public interest, and social cohesion within democratic governance. This study contributes by proposing an integrative conceptual model linking Islamic political theology, democracy, and the development of Indonesian civilization. Abstrak Relasi agama dan negara dalam perspektif teologi politik Islam masih didominasi oleh perdebatan normatif, sementara kajian yang menghubungkan landasan teologis dengan implikasinya terhadap demokrasi dan pembangunan peradaban Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi relasi agama dan negara dalam perspektif teologi politik Islam serta menganalisis implikasinya terhadap demokrasi dan pembangunan peradaban Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) melalui analisis deskriptif-analitis dan sintesis konseptual terhadap berbagai literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teologi politik Islam dibangun atas landasan tawḥīd, amānah, shūrā, al-'adl, maṣlaḥah, dan ukhuwwah, yang direkonstruksi menjadi kerangka konseptual relasi agama dan negara. Nilai-nilai tersebut memperkuat akuntabilitas, partisipasi, supremasi hukum, kepentingan publik, dan kohesi sosial dalam demokrasi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan model konseptual yang mengintegrasikan teologi politik Islam, demokrasi, dan pembangunan peradaban Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayutama, Amirul Bakhri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reconstructing Salafi epistemology through at-taṣfiyah and at-tarbiyah: A conceptual framework for contemporary Islamic thought
Debates regarding the relevance of Manhaj Salaf in addressing contemporary issues reveal a conceptual gap, as the relationship between its epistemology and the concepts of at-taṣfiyah and at-tarbiyah has not been comprehensively explained. This study aims to examine the relationship between the epistemology of Manhaj Salaf and the concepts of at-taṣfiyah and at-tarbiyah, as well as their implementation in responding to contemporary issues. A qualitative approach employing library research was adopted, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings demonstrate that the epistemology of Manhaj Salaf provides the foundation for at-taṣfiyah as a process of doctrinal purification and at-tarbiyah as a process of continuous educational development, thereby forming a systematic framework for responding to pluralism, liberalism, artificial intelligence, bioethics, financial technology, and environmental issues. This study contributes by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates these three concepts into an analytical model for understanding how Manhaj Salaf responds to the dynamics of contemporary society. Abstrak Perdebatan mengenai relevansi Manhaj Salaf dalam merespons isu-isu kontemporer masih menyisakan kesenjangan konseptual karena hubungan antara epistemologi, at-taṣfiyah, dan at-tarbiyah belum dijelaskan secara terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara epistemologi Manhaj Salaf dengan konsep at-taṣfiyah dan at-tarbiyah, serta menjelaskan implementasinya dalam merespons berbagai isu kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode library research, sedangkan data dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa epistemologi Manhaj Salaf menjadi landasan yang mengarahkan at-taṣfiyah sebagai proses pemurnian ajaran dan at-tarbiyah sebagai proses pembinaan berkelanjutan sehingga membentuk kerangka respons yang sistematis terhadap pluralisme, liberalisme, kecerdasan buatan, bioetika, teknologi finansial, dan isu-isu lingkungan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan kerangka konseptual yang mengintegrasikan ketiga konsep tersebut sebagai model analitis untuk memahami respons Manhaj Salaf terhadap dinamika masyarakat modern.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faelalika Putri Herhan, Amirul Bakhri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Halal tourism as a civilizational encounter: Islamic values and cultural accommodation in contemporary Japan
The development of halal tourism in Japan reflects the country's increasing accommodation of the needs of Muslim travelers. However, studies that explain this phenomenon through the lens of civilizational encounter remain limited. This study aims to analyze how Islamic values are negotiated through the development of halal tourism in Japan from the perspective of civilizational encounter. A qualitative library research approach was employed using thematic analysis of scholarly articles, books, government documents, and official publications issued by the Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO). The findings demonstrate that the religious needs of Muslim travelers have stimulated both institutional and cultural responses, manifested through the provision of prayer facilities, halal services, and omotenashi-based cultural adaptation, thereby creating a mechanism of civilizational encounter that gives rise to an Inclusive Halal Tourism Ecosystem. This study contributes by proposing the Civilizational Encounter through Halal Tourism conceptual framework as a new perspective for advancing halal tourism studies beyond conventional economic and marketing approaches. Abstrak Perkembangan halal tourism di Jepang menunjukkan semakin meningkatnya akomodasi terhadap kebutuhan wisatawan Muslim. Namun, kajian yang menjelaskan fenomena tersebut sebagai proses civilizational encounter masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana nilai-nilai Islam dinegosiasikan melalui perkembangan halal tourism di Jepang dengan menggunakan perspektif civilizational encounter. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kepustakaan (library research) melalui analisis tematik terhadap artikel ilmiah, buku, dokumen pemerintah, dan publikasi resmi Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan religius wisatawan Muslim mendorong terbentuknya respons institusional dan respons kultural yang diwujudkan melalui penyediaan fasilitas ibadah, layanan halal, serta adaptasi budaya berbasis omotenashi, sehingga menghasilkan mekanisme civilizational encounter yang membentuk Inclusive Halal Tourism Ecosystem. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan kerangka konseptual Civilizational Encounter through Halal Tourism sebagai perspektif baru dalam kajian halal tourism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Setiawan, Wahyuningsih Supriyani, Amirul Bakhri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rethinking Islamic political thought: Wilāyat al-Faqīh and the caliphate through Ibn Qayyim's theory of legal change
Studies on Wilāyat al-Faqīh have primarily emphasized its theological and constitutional dimensions, while comparative analyses with Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani's concept of the Caliphate through Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's theory of legal change remain limited. This study aims to examine Ayatollah Khomeini's concept of Wilāyat al-Faqīh, compare it with An-Nabhani's concept of the Caliphate, and interpret both through Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's theory of legal change. This qualitative study employed a library research approach using descriptive-comparative analysis of primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal that Wilāyat al-Faqīh represents a reconstruction of Shiʿi political thought grounded in the doctrine of Imāmah during the Occultation of the Imam, whereas An-Nabhani's concept of the Caliphate derives its political legitimacy from the bayʿah of the Muslim community. Viewed through Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's perspective, both represent forms of political ijtihād shaped by historical and social contexts. Consequently, this study contributes to the scholarship on Islamic political thought by offering a contextual comparative framework for understanding the diversity of Islamic models of governance. Abstrak Kajian mengenai Wilāyat al-Faqīh umumnya berfokus pada dimensi teologis dan ketatanegaraan, sedangkan analisis komparatif dengan konsep khilafah Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani melalui perspektif teori perubahan hukum Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep Wilāyat al-Faqīh menurut Ayatollah Khomeini, membandingkannya dengan konsep khilafah Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani, serta menginterpretasikan keduanya melalui perspektif teori perubahan hukum Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan serta analisis deskriptif-komparatif terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Wilāyat al-Faqīh merupakan rekonstruksi politik Syiah yang berakar pada doktrin imamah pada masa kegaiban Imam, sedangkan konsep khilafah An-Nabhani memperoleh legitimasi politik melalui bai'at umat. Ditinjau dari perspektif Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah, kedua konsep tersebut merupakan bentuk ijtihad politik yang berkembang sesuai dengan konteks sejarah dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berkontribusi memperkaya kajian politik Islam melalui kerangka analisis komparatif yang kontekstual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aan Afandi, Dykasakti Azhar Nytotama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toward a maqāṣid-oriented framework: Qur'anic and Prophetic principles for addressing contemporary economic issues
Contemporary economic developments have generated various challenges, including riba, cryptocurrency, zakāt, and gharar, which are generally examined separately, leaving the interrelationship of Qur'anic and Prophetic principles insufficiently explained within a unified conceptual framework. This study aims to analyze Qur'anic and Prophetic principles in addressing contemporary economic issues through a maqāṣid al-sharīʿah-oriented approach. A qualitative library research design was employed using content analysis and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that riba, cryptocurrency, zakāt, and gharar are interconnected through four fundamental principles: justice, transparency, social responsibility, and legal certainty and the protection of wealth, ultimately contributing to the realization of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, particularly ḥifẓ al-māl. This study contributes by proposing an integrated conceptual model linking contemporary economic challenges, Qur'anic and Prophetic principles, and the objectives of Islamic law as an analytical framework for advancing Islamic economics research and practice. Abstrak Perkembangan ekonomi kontemporer menghadirkan berbagai persoalan, seperti riba, cryptocurrency, zakat, dan gharar, yang umumnya masih dikaji secara parsial sehingga belum menunjukkan keterkaitan prinsip-prinsip Al-Qur'an dan Hadis dalam satu kerangka konseptual yang utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis prinsip-prinsip Al-Qur'an dan Hadis dalam merespons isu-isu ekonomi kontemporer melalui pendekatan berbasis maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan yang dianalisis melalui content analysis dan thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa riba, cryptocurrency, zakat, dan gharar saling berkaitan melalui empat prinsip utama, yaitu keadilan, transparansi, tanggung jawab sosial, serta kepastian dan perlindungan harta, yang secara terpadu mendukung pencapaian maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, khususnya ḥifẓ al-māl. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan model konseptual terintegrasi yang menghubungkan tantangan ekonomi kontemporer, prinsip-prinsip Al-Qur'an dan Hadis, serta tujuan syariat sebagai kerangka analitis bagi pengembangan kajian dan praktik ekonomi Islam.
Reorienting the epistemology of research in Islamic studies: Critiquing the dominance of modern methodology through the Islamic scholarly manhaj
The dominance of modern research methodology in Islamic studies has improved academic research quality but tends to position research methods as the starting point of inquiry, leaving the epistemological foundation rooted in the Islamic scholarly manhaj insufficiently addressed. This study aims to examine the dominance of modern research methodology in Islamic studies and formulate an epistemological reorientation from the perspective of the Islamic scholarly manhaj. A qualitative conceptual research design was employed using document analysis, conceptual analysis, comparative analysis, and conceptual synthesis of literature on Islamic epistemology and modern philosophy of science. The findings indicate that the primary challenge in Islamic studies lies not in the choice of research methods but in the epistemological paradigm underlying their application. This study proposes a conceptual framework that positions the Islamic scholarly manhaj as the foundation for selecting research methods through the integration of the Islamic Worldview, Islamic sources of knowledge, epistemological structure, and the Integration–Interconnection paradigm, thereby contributing to the development of a more integrative and contextually grounded research methodology for Islamic studies. Abstrak Dominasi metodologi penelitian modern dalam studi Islam telah meningkatkan kualitas akademik penelitian, tetapi cenderung menempatkan metode penelitian sebagai titik awal proses ilmiah sehingga fondasi epistemologis yang berakar pada manhaj keilmuan Islam belum memperoleh perhatian yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dominasi metodologi penelitian modern dalam studi Islam serta merumuskan reorientasi epistemologi melalui perspektif manhaj keilmuan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian konseptual melalui studi dokumentasi serta analisis konseptual, komparatif, dan sintesis terhadap literatur mengenai epistemologi Islam dan filsafat ilmu modern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persoalan utama dalam studi Islam tidak terletak pada pemilihan metode penelitian, melainkan pada paradigma epistemologis yang melandasi penggunaannya. Penelitian ini menawarkan suatu kerangka konseptual yang menempatkan manhaj keilmuan Islam sebagai fondasi dalam menentukan metode penelitian melalui integrasi Islamic Worldview, sumber-sumber pengetahuan Islam, struktur epistemologi, dan paradigma Integration–Interconnection. Kerangka tersebut diharapkan dapat memperkaya pengembangan metodologi penelitian studi Islam yang lebih integratif, kontekstual, dan selaras dengan karakteristik epistemologi Islam.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vina Rahayu Chairunnisa, Khaerudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hamka's transcendental values in Pribadi Hebat: Bridging philosophical thought and contemporary character education
Character education requires a strong spiritual foundation to develop individuals with integrity. However, studies on transcendental values in Hamka's Pribadi Hebat have largely been limited to identifying educational values without proposing a conceptual implementation model for contemporary character education. This study aims to analyze the transcendental values presented in Pribadi Hebat and develop their implementation model for character education. A qualitative library research approach was employed, and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis of Hamka's major works and relevant supporting literature. The findings reveal that transcendental values consist of three interconnected dimensions—aqidah, ibadah, and akhlak—which collectively form an integrated framework for personality development. Based on these findings, this study proposes a conceptual model linking transcendental values with the curriculum, teachers, family, school culture, community, and the digital environment to foster a great personality. The proposed model extends Hamka's philosophical thought into a more applicable framework for contemporary character education. Abstrak Pendidikan karakter memerlukan fondasi spiritual yang kuat agar mampu membentuk pribadi yang berintegritas. Namun, kajian mengenai nilai transendensi dalam Pribadi Hebat karya Hamka masih didominasi oleh identifikasi nilai dan belum menghasilkan model implementasi konseptual bagi pendidikan karakter kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis nilai-nilai transendensi dalam Pribadi Hebat serta mengembangkan model implementasinya dalam pendidikan karakter. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis library research yang dianalisis melalui qualitative content analysis terhadap karya-karya Hamka dan literatur pendukung yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai transendensi terdiri atas tiga dimensi utama, yaitu aqidah, ibadah, dan akhlak, yang membentuk sistem pembinaan kepribadian secara terpadu. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini menghasilkan model konseptual yang menghubungkan nilai transendensi dengan kurikulum, guru, keluarga, budaya sekolah, masyarakat, dan lingkungan digital menuju pembentukan great personality. Model ini memperluas pemikiran Hamka dari ranah filosofis menuju kerangka implementasi pendidikan karakter yang lebih aplikatif.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Mulyono, Amirul Bakhri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Negotiating religious authority and identity in Digital Islam: The Ba'Alawi lineage debate in Indonesia
The Ba'Alawi lineage controversy in Indonesia has generated extensive debate in digital spaces, yet previous studies have primarily focused on genealogical validity while paying limited attention to how religious authority, genealogical authenticity, digital legitimacy, and identity are negotiated online. This study examines the construction and negotiation of religious authority surrounding the Ba'Alawi lineage controversy through digital media. Employing a qualitative netnographic approach, the study analyzed 535 purposively selected YouTube comments from five videos, complemented by data from X and Google Trends. The data were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. The findings identify four major themes: religious authority contestation, competing standards of genealogical authenticity, digital negotiation of religious legitimacy, and identity construction. The controversy has evolved from a genealogical dispute into a broader arena in which religious authority and identity are negotiated through public participation and algorithmic visibility. This study contributes to the growing scholarship on Digital Islam by demonstrating how genealogy-related controversies are transformed into negotiations of legitimacy and collective identity within digital environments. Abstrak Polemik nasab Ba'Alawi di Indonesia telah memicu perdebatan yang luas di ruang digital. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian masih berfokus pada validitas genealogi dan belum menjelaskan bagaimana otoritas keagamaan, autentisitas genealogis, legitimasi digital, dan identitas dinegosiasikan dalam diskursus daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi dan negosiasi otoritas keagamaan dalam polemik nasab Ba'Alawi melalui media digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode netnografi terhadap 535 komentar YouTube yang dipilih secara purposif dari lima video, didukung oleh data dari X dan Google Trends. Data dianalisis menggunakan directed qualitative content analysis dan thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi empat tema utama, yaitu kontestasi otoritas keagamaan, persaingan standar autentisitas genealogis, negosiasi legitimasi keagamaan di ruang digital, dan konstruksi identitas. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa polemik tersebut telah berkembang dari sengketa genealogi menjadi arena negosiasi otoritas dan identitas yang dipengaruhi oleh partisipasi publik dan visibilitas digital. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada kajian Digital Islam dengan menunjukkan bagaimana polemik genealogi bertransformasi menjadi kontestasi legitimasi dan identitas dalam ruang digital.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amyaz Bill Aufaq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The model of knowledge acquisition in Islam as a foundation for reconstructing the learning paradigm
Studies on knowledge in Islam have extensively discussed epistemology, ethics, and education; however, these aspects have largely been examined separately, leaving the process of knowledge acquisition without a comprehensive conceptual model that can serve as a foundation for learning paradigm reconstruction. This study aims to formulate a Model of Knowledge Acquisition in Islam and examine its relevance as a foundation for reconstructing the learning paradigm. This research employed a qualitative conceptual study by synthesizing the Qur'an, Hadith, classical Islamic scholarship, and academic literature through concept reduction, thematic analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The findings identify five interconnected stages of knowledge acquisition: epistemological foundation, preparation, knowledge acquisition, internalization, and dissemination. The proposed model reconstructs the learning paradigm by shifting its orientation from knowledge transfer toward the formation of knowledgeable, ethical, and practice-oriented individuals. This study contributes to the advancement of Islamic epistemology and philosophy of Islamic education by offering a systematic conceptual model that provides a theoretical foundation for developing holistic Islamic learning. Abstrak Kajian mengenai ilmu dalam Islam telah banyak membahas epistemologi, adab, dan pendidikan. Namun, sebagian besar kajian tersebut masih mengkaji aspek-aspek tersebut secara parsial sehingga belum menghasilkan model konseptual yang menjelaskan proses perolehan ilmu secara utuh sebagai landasan rekonstruksi paradigma pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan Model Proses Perolehan Ilmu dalam Islam serta menganalisis relevansinya sebagai landasan rekonstruksi paradigma pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis kajian konseptual melalui sintesis terhadap Al-Qur'an, hadis, pemikiran ulama, dan literatur ilmiah yang dianalisis menggunakan reduksi konsep, analisis tematik, dan sintesis konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses perolehan ilmu dalam Islam terdiri atas lima tahapan yang saling terintegrasi, yaitu fondasi epistemologis, persiapan, perolehan ilmu, internalisasi, dan diseminasi. Model yang dihasilkan menjadi landasan konseptual dalam merekonstruksi paradigma pembelajaran dengan menggeser orientasinya dari transfer pengetahuan menuju pembentukan insan yang berilmu, beradab, dan beramal. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memperkaya epistemologi dan filsafat pendidikan Islam melalui penyusunan model konseptual yang sistematis sebagai landasan teoretis bagi pengembangan pembelajaran Islam yang lebih holistik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hawwa Asy-Syifa, Khaerudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Salahuddin al-Idlibī’s methodology of hadith matn criticism: An analysis of the hadith of the fly in a drink
Debates surrounding the authenticity of hadith remain prominent in contemporary scholarship, particularly regarding traditions perceived to conflict with reason and modern science. This study examines Salahuddin al-Idlibī’s methodology of matn criticism by applying its four evaluative criteria to the hadith of the fly narrated in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Employing a qualitative library research approach, data were collected through documentation and analyzed using content analysis and descriptive-analytical methods. The analysis is based on four criteria: conformity with the Qur'an, consistency with more authentic hadiths, compatibility with reason, historical facts and scientific knowledge, and the linguistic characteristics of the Prophet's sayings. The findings show that the hadith fulfills all four criteria. Its content is consistent with the Qur'an and authentic hadiths, is rationally understandable in light of historical context and scientific findings, and reflects the Prophet's linguistic style. Therefore, al-Idlibī’s methodology is both conceptually sound and practically applicable for evaluating debated hadiths. Abstrak Perdebatan mengenai autentisitas hadis masih menjadi perhatian dalam kajian kontemporer, terutama terhadap hadis yang dianggap bertentangan dengan akal dan ilmu pengetahuan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji metodologi kritik matan Salahuddin al-Idlibī dengan menerapkan empat kriterianya pada hadis lalat dalam minuman yang diriwayatkan dalam Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi serta metode deskriptif-analitis. Analisis didasarkan pada empat kriteria, yaitu kesesuaian dengan Al-Qur'an, keselarasan dengan hadis yang lebih sahih, kesesuaian dengan akal, fakta sejarah, dan ilmu pengetahuan, serta karakteristik kebahasaan sabda Nabi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hadis tersebut memenuhi keempat kriteria. Dengan demikian, metodologi kritik matan Salahuddin al-Idlibī memiliki landasan konseptual yang kuat sekaligus relevan diterapkan dalam mengkaji hadis-hadis yang masih diperdebatkan pada era kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chamelia Bunga Nurani, Eva Kumalasari, Nur Efendi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revisiting the concept of knowledge in classical Islamic philosophy: Toward an integrated conceptual framework
The concept of knowledge in classical Islamic philosophy has been widely studied; however, most existing studies focus on individual philosophers, leaving the conceptual relationships among their ideas unexplained as a coherent conceptual system. This study aims to analyze and integrate the concept of knowledge in classical Islamic philosophy through a conceptual synthesis of the thought of Al-Kindī, Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Al-Ghazālī, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Khaldūn. The study employed a qualitative library research approach using conceptual analysis and philosophical synthesis. The findings reveal that the concept of knowledge is structured around four interconnected dimensions: ontological foundation, structure of knowledge, epistemological integration, and civilizational orientation. These findings demonstrate that the differences among classical Muslim philosophers represent functional differentiation rather than conceptual fragmentation within a coherent framework of knowledge. This study contributes by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that provides a theoretical foundation for advancing contemporary studies in Islamic philosophy of knowledge. Abstrak Konsep ilmu dalam tradisi filsafat Islam klasik telah banyak dikaji, namun sebagian besar penelitian masih berfokus pada pemikiran individual para filsuf sehingga hubungan konseptual antargagasan belum dirumuskan sebagai suatu sistem konseptual yang utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengintegrasikan konsep ilmu dalam tradisi filsafat Islam klasik melalui sintesis konseptual terhadap pemikiran Al-Kindī, Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Al-Ghazālī, Ibn Rushd, dan Ibn Khaldūn. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan melalui analisis konseptual dan sintesis filosofis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep ilmu tersusun atas empat dimensi yang saling berkaitan, yaitu fondasi ontologis, struktur keilmuan, integrasi epistemologis, dan orientasi peradaban. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pemikiran para filsuf bukan merupakan fragmentasi konsep ilmu, melainkan diferensiasi fungsi dalam satu kerangka konseptual yang koheren. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan kerangka konseptual terintegrasi sebagai landasan teoritis bagi pengembangan filsafat ilmu Islam kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syafa’atus Syarifah, Khaerudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toward an integrated paradigm of Islamic knowledge classification: Reconstructing Al-Farabi and Al-Ghazali for contemporary Islamic scholarship
The classification of knowledge in the Islamic intellectual tradition has been widely examined; however, most studies remain limited to comparing classificatory structures rather than reconstructing the philosophical paradigm underlying the Islamic knowledge system. This study aims to reconstruct the paradigm of knowledge classification through a philosophical comparative analysis of Al-Farabi and Al-Ghazali to formulate a conceptual framework for the development of the contemporary Islamic knowledge system. The research employs a qualitative library-based approach using philosophical comparative analysis through the stages of identification, comparison, interpretation, and reconstruction. The findings reveal that Al-Farabi conceptualizes knowledge classification as an architecture of knowledge, whereas Al-Ghazali frames it as a legitimation of knowledge, indicating a complementary rather than oppositional relationship. Based on this synthesis, the study proposes the Integrated Paradigm of Islamic Knowledge Classification, which integrates ontological, epistemological, axiological, and contemporary dimensions as a conceptual contribution to the development of a more integrative Islamic knowledge system. Abstrak Klasifikasi ilmu dalam tradisi intelektual Islam telah banyak dikaji, namun sebagian besar penelitian masih berfokus pada perbandingan struktur klasifikasi sehingga belum merekonstruksi paradigma filosofis yang melandasi sistem keilmuan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi paradigma klasifikasi ilmu melalui analisis komparatif filosofis terhadap pemikiran Al-Farabi dan Al-Ghazali guna merumuskan kerangka konseptual bagi pengembangan sistem keilmuan Islam kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis kepustakaan dengan analisis komparatif filosofis melalui tahapan identifikasi, komparasi, interpretasi, dan rekonstruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Al-Farabi membangun klasifikasi ilmu sebagai architecture of knowledge, sedangkan Al-Ghazali memosisikannya sebagai legitimation of knowledge, sehingga keduanya bersifat komplementer, bukan oposisional. Berdasarkan sintesis tersebut, penelitian ini menghasilkan Integrated Paradigm of Islamic Knowledge Classification yang mengintegrasikan dimensi ontologis, epistemologis, aksiologis, dan implikasi kontemporer sebagai kontribusi konseptual bagi pengembangan sistem keilmuan Islam yang lebih integratif.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faza Firdaus, Khaerudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Religious moderation through social pedagogy: Lessons from Sahur Kebangsaan with Sinta Nuriyah Wahid in Islamic higher education
Religious moderation in Islamic higher education has primarily been examined as an outcome of institutional policies and formal learning, while the pedagogical mechanisms embedded in socio-religious practices remain underexplored. This study aims to analyze the manifestations of religious moderation and conceptualize Sahur Kebangsaan as a model of social pedagogy in Islamic higher education. Using a qualitative document analysis approach, the study examined official institutional documents, speeches by Sinta Nuriyah Wahid, and supporting publications through thematic analysis. The findings reveal that Sahur Kebangsaan embodies four dimensions of religious moderation—national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and accommodation of local culture—through spiritual reflection, collective dialogue, shared experience, and community participation. This study contributes by proposing a conceptual model of Sahur Kebangsaan as social pedagogy, demonstrating how religious rituals can be transformed into pedagogical mechanisms that foster an inclusive campus culture and strengthen religious moderation. Abstrak Moderasi beragama di pendidikan tinggi Islam masih lebih banyak dikaji sebagai hasil kebijakan atau pembelajaran formal, sementara mekanisme pembentukannya melalui praktik sosial-keagamaan masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis manifestasi moderasi beragama serta mengonseptualisasikan Sahur Kebangsaan sebagai social pedagogy dalam pendidikan tinggi Islam. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa dokumentasi resmi UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, pidato Sinta Nuriyah Wahid, dan publikasi pendukung yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sahur Kebangsaan memanifestasikan empat indikator moderasi beragama, yaitu komitmen kebangsaan, toleransi, anti-kekerasan, dan akomodatif terhadap budaya lokal melalui refleksi spiritual, dialog kolektif, pengalaman bersama, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan model konseptual Sahur Kebangsaan sebagai social pedagogy yang menjelaskan bagaimana ritual keagamaan dapat bertransformasi menjadi mekanisme pedagogis dalam membangun budaya kampus yang inklusif dan memperkuat moderasi beragama.
Copyright (c) 2026 Endang Dwi Pratiwi Ningrum, Arini Eka Azzahra, Isyana Nasywa Aini, Naila Putri Salsabila, Amelianawati, Anggun Fina Rahmadani, Lotus Chairunisa Rajanendri, Risma Fajarini, Dinda Intan Lestari, Arditya Prayogi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From exclusivism to tolerance: Religious moderation and the prevention of religious blasphemy in indonesia
Religious blasphemy remains a significant issue that may threaten social harmony and stability in Indonesia’s multicultural society. This study aims to analyze the role of religious moderation as a strategy for preventing religious blasphemy in Indonesia. The research employed a library research method using books, scholarly articles, and relevant documents, which were analyzed through a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings indicate that religious moderation plays a crucial role in preventing religious blasphemy by strengthening the values of balance, tolerance, justice, equality, and respect for religious diversity. A moderate religious attitude encourages individuals to maintain strong convictions in their own faith while refraining from degrading or rejecting other religions. The study also reveals that exclusivism, excessive truth claims, and a lack of appreciation for diversity are key factors contributing to religious blasphemy. This research contributes to the conceptual understanding of religious moderation as a preventive instrument for fostering a harmonious, peaceful, and tolerant society in Indonesia. Abstrak Penistaan agama masih menjadi persoalan yang berpotensi mengganggu kerukunan dan stabilitas sosial di Indonesia yang multikultural. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran moderasi beragama sebagai strategi pencegahan penistaan agama di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode library research dengan sumber data berupa buku, artikel ilmiah, dan dokumen relevan yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa moderasi beragama memiliki peran penting dalam mencegah penistaan agama melalui penguatan nilai keseimbangan, toleransi, keadilan, kesetaraan, dan penghormatan terhadap perbedaan keyakinan. Sikap moderat mendorong individu untuk tetap meyakini ajaran agamanya tanpa merendahkan atau menolak keberadaan agama lain. Temuan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa eksklusivisme, klaim kebenaran yang berlebihan, dan rendahnya penghargaan terhadap keberagaman merupakan faktor yang dapat memicu penistaan agama. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkuat landasan konseptual mengenai pentingnya moderasi beragama sebagai instrumen preventif untuk membangun kehidupan masyarakat yang harmonis, damai, dan toleran di Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fajar Noor Khamdani, Muhammad Royhan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0